ῖτις βοτάνη

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `spikenard, Indian narde, Nardostachys Jatamansi' (hell. a. late).

Other forms: νάρδον n. (Thphr. Od. 12, Poll.)

Compounds: Few compp., e.g. ναρδό-σταχυς, - υος m. = νάρδου στάχυς, νάρδος (Dsc., Gal.).

Derivatives: νάρδ-ινος `of nard' (Antiph., Men., Plb.), - ίτης οἶνος `wine spiced with nard' (Dsc. in tit.; Redard 98), - ῖτις βοτάνη `n. -like plant' (Gal.; Redard 74) ; - ίζω `resemble the nard' (Dsc.).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.

Etymology: From Semit. (Phoenic.); cf. Hebr. nērd, Aram. nirda, Babyl. lardu. Further connection with Skt. naḍá-'reed, cane' (beside nadá- `id.') is quite uncertain and prob. to be abandoned; rather the Semit. words come from Skt. nálada- n. `Indian narde' (AV), s. Mayrhofer s. naḍáḥ and náladam m. -- Lat. LW [loanword] nardus, -um; s. W.-Hofmann. Beside νάρδος stands νάρτη f. designating aromatic plants (Thphr. HP 9, 7, 3). Fur. 199 suggests that the word are of Anatolian origin (including νάρθηξ).

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `tower, wall-tower', also the fortification wall itself (Il.), metaph. `closed division of warriors, column' (Il.), `siege-tower' (X.), `farm-building', (LXX, pap., NT; lit. in Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).

Compounds: Compp., e.g. πυργο-δάϊκτος `destroying towers' (A. Pers. 105 [lyr.]; prop. `with destroyed towers'? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 82; s. also E. Williger Sprachl. Unt. zu den Kompp. der gr. Dicht. des V.Jh.s [Göttingen 1928] 45 n. 1), εὔ-πυργος `with fair towers, well-towered' (Η 71 a.o.).

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. πυργ-ίον, - ίδιον, - ίς, - ίσκος, - ίσκιον, - ισκάριον (mostly hell. a. late); 2. - ωμα, mostly pl. - ώματα n. `tower structures' (Orac. ap. Hdt., A., E.); 3. πυργιτρον n. form a. meaning unclear (pap.VI<sup>p</sup>); 4. πυργ-ίτης n. `kind of sparrow' (Gal. a.o.; s. Redard 84 and on σποργίλος); - ῖτις βοτάνη H. 5. Adj. πύργ-ινος `consisting of towers' (A. in lyr.), - ειος `tower-like' (Ion., trag.), - ώδης `id.' (S.), - ῶτις `towered' (A. in lyr.; f. on *-ώτης, Redard 8); - ήρης `provided with towers, enclosed within towers or walls' (Orac. ap. Paus.) with - ηρέομαι `to be enclosed within towers or walls, to be besieged' (A., E.). 6. Adv. - ηδόν `columnwise' (Il.), `towerwise' (Aret.). 7. Verb πυργ-ῶσαι, - όω `to fence with towers, to pile up' (λ 264) with - ωτός `piled up' (Str. a.o.). 8. Πυργ-αλίδαι m. pl. n. of a guild in Kameiros (inscr.); after Τανταλ-ίδαι?

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Building technical expression; because of the striking similarity with NHG Burg, Goth. baurgs `town, tower' by Kretschmer Glotta 22, 100ff. taken as German. LW [loanword] through Northbalkan. (Macedon. ?) mediation. By others taken as Pre-Greek (Pelasgian as a form of Indo-European can now be forgotten. s. Furnée 40-55; s. Heubeck Praegraeca 63ff. w. further lit. In the same way is considered Πέργαμος, - ον, -α `the citadel (of Troy)', also PlN, to NHG Berg, Hitt. parkuš `high' etc.), s. Heubeck l.c. (Pok. 140f.), where also on the H.-glosses φύρκος τεῖχος and φ\<ο\> ύρκορ ὀχύρωμα (on this also Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 3, 22 n. 1); there is also a stronghold in Elis called Πύργος (Hdt. 4, 148, Str.) and a Φύρκος (Th. 5,49) -- On Lat. burgus (from Germ. or only influenced by it?) W.-Hofmann s.v. with Nachträgen. -- The forms with φυρκ- show well-known Pre-Greek alternations. To Asia Minor may point Urart. burgana `palace'. As to Περγαμον, the suffix - αμο- is Pre-Greek (cf. κάρδαμον). (Its non-IE character is confirmed by the place names Περγασα\/ Παργασα\/ Βαργασα, Furnée 64 n. 268, cf. on πάγασα) So the word is a normal Pre-Greek word.

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κεντρ-ίτης, ου, ὁ,

A v. κεντρίνης 111.

II κ. κάλαμος prickly reed, PTeb. 152 (ii B.C.).

III fem. [suff] κεντρ-ῖτις, ιδος, ἡ, place where a horse is tapped for dropsy, Hippiatr.38.

2 κ. βοτάνη, magical plant, PMag.Par.1.773.

σῐδηρ-ίτης [ῑτ], ου, ὁ, fem. [suff] σῐδηρ-ῖτις, ιδος: [dialect] Dor. [full] σῐδᾱρίτας, α, ὁ:—

A of iron, σ. πόλεμος iron war, Pi.N.5.19; σ. τέχνη the smith's art, Eup.263; σ. πέτρα rock with iron ore in it, D.S.5.13;

σ. γῆ Arist.Fr. 326

ed. Berol., Poll.3.87.

2 σιδηρῖτις, with or without λίθος, loadstone, Phld. Sign.9, Str.15.1.38, Plu.2.1005c, etc.

3 a precious stone, Plin. HN37.58, al.; used as remedy for snake-bite, Orph.L. 361, 390, 419.

II σιδηρῖτις, ἡ, ironwort, Sideritis romana, Dsc.4.33, Plin. HN25.43, Aret.CD2.12; also

σ. πόα Hsch.

;

βοτάνη ἡ σ. J.AJ3.7.6

, Gal.12.885.

2 also applied by Dsc. to burnet, Poterium Sanguisorba, 4.34; Cretan fig-wort, Scrophularia lucida, ib.35; Achilles' woundwort, Achillea tomentosa, ib.36.

3 = ἑλξίνη, ib.85.

4 = χαμαίπιτυς, Id.3.158.

5 = περιστερεὼν ὕπτιος, Ps.-Dsc.4.60.

σπογγ-ίτης [ῑ], ου, ὁ,

A of, in, or like a sponge: only fem. [suff] σπογγ-ῖτις, ιδος, ἡ, of a stone, Plin.HN37.182;

βοτάνη Aët.4.25

, prob. in 6.80, 9.41.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to smell, to scent' (ion. att.)

Other forms: ὄσδω, - ομαι (Theoc., Xenoph.) with ὀζῆσαι, ὀζήσω (Att.), also ὀζέσαι, - έσω (Hp. Superf., hell.), plupf. ὀδώδει (Od.), perf. ὄδωδα (hell.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix as ἀπ-, προσ-. As 1. member in the governing comp. ὀζό-στομος `with smelling breath' (AP, M. Ant.), as 2. member in plantnames like κυν-όζ-ολον (Ps.-Dsc.); cf. Strömberg 60f.

Derivatives: 1. ὀδμή (Il.), ὀσμή (Att., Hippon.; on σμ from δμ below) f. `odour, scent'; as 2. member e.g. in εὔ-οδμος, - οσμος `sweet-smelling, odorous' (Pi.), also in ὄνοσμα n. plantname? (Dsc.; Strömberg 61); from it ὀδμ-αλέος (Hp.), - ήεις (Nic.), - ηνός (H.; cod. ὄδ-) `strong-smelling'; ὀσμ-ώδης (Arist., Thphr.), - ηρός, - ήρης (Nic.) `id.'; ὀσμύλ-η, - ος, - ιον `strong-smelling octopus' (Ar., Arist.), ὀσμ-ίτης (Gloss.), - ῖτις (Ps.-Dsc.) plantname (Redard 75), - άς f. = ὄνοσμα (Dsc.); ὀδμ-, ὀσμ-άομαι `to scent' (ion., Arist.) with - ησις (Aret.). -- 2. From the present: ὄζ-αινα f. = ὀσμύλη (Call.), `stinking adenoid' (Gal.) with - αινικός `belonging to the ὄζαινα' (Ps.-Dsc.); ὄζολις f. = ὀσμόλη (Arist.); ὄζη f. `malodorant breath' (Cels.), `skin of the wild ass' (Suid.; because of the smell); ὀζηλίς ἡ βοτάνη (Theognost.); ὀζώδης = ὀδμώδης (EM, sch.); also Όζόλαι m. pl. name of a Locrian people (Hdt., Str., Plu. with diff. interpretations)? Lengthened present ὀζαίνομαι = ὄζω (Sophr.; after ὀσφραίνομαι; Schwyzer 733 w. lit.). -- 3. From the perf.: ὀδωδή f. `scent' (AP). -- 4. - ώδης in εὑ-ώδης `sweet-smelling, odorous' (Il.) etc.; very productive with quite faded meaning (Chantraine Form. 429 ff., Schwyzer 426 w. lit.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [772] * h₃ed- `smell'

Etymology: Apart from the perf. ὄδωδα all verbal forms are innovations based on the pres. ὄζω. The derivations too are based largely on th present. On its own are however ὀδωδή (derived from the perfect?), but also the in Greek isolated ὀδμή and - ώδης. Both can be old, if ὀδμή agrees with Alb. amë `unpleasant smell' (IE * od-mā), - ώδης represents the s-stem of Lat. odor, OLat. odōs, prob. seen also in Arm. hot, gen. -oy (h- second.) `smell, odour', IE * odos-, either with compositional lengthening or with old lengthened grade (IE * ōdos-; cf. Lith. úodžiu below) as in Arm. -ut (e.g. hr-ut = πυρώδης from hur = πῦρ) beside -ot (e.g. bor-ot `w. florescence'). However ὀσμή not with Brugmann Grundr.<sup>2</sup> II: 1, 251 a.o. from *ὀδ-σ-μά̄ but purely phonetically from ὀδ-μά̄, s. Schwyzer 208; cf. also ὀσφραίνομαι. -- Both IE * od-mā and * odos- presuppose a primary rootpresent, which is retained in themat. form in Lat. ol-ō, ol-ĕre (with l for d); beside it the more usual innovation ol-e-ō, - ēre (after the intransitives). The yot-pressent ὄζω differs only in the vowellength from Balt., e.g. Lith. úodžiu `smell'; we now know that the Baltic form has a long vowel because of Winter's Law (lengthening before voiced consonant). Arm. hot-im `smell' is a denominative of hot (s. above). To the redupl. perf. ὄδ-ωδ-α presents the Arm. pres. hot-ot-im (with intensive reduplication) a close formal parallel. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 174, Pok. 772f., W.-Hofmann s. odor, Ernout-Meillet s. odor (important for the morphology); cf. Porzig Gliederung 177 and Satzinhalte 289.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `chickpea, Vicia Ervilia', pl. `the seed of the same' (Hp., D., Arist., Thphr.).

Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ὀροβ-άγχη f. name of a weed "smotherer of the ὄρ.", `Cuscuta' (Thphr., Dsc., Gp.; Strömberg Theophrastea 194). πεντ-όροβος (- ώρ-; comp. length.) m. prop. "with five ὄρ.", name of the γλυκυσίδη, usu. metaph. of an architectural ornament (hell. inscr., Dsc., Plin.).

Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: ὀρόβ-ιον n., also `flour made of ὄρ.' (Hp., Ph., Dsc.), = χρυσοκόλλης εἶδος H.; - άδιον n. = ὀρόβαξ (Ps.-Dsc., s.below). 2. - ίας m. name of a kind of ἐρέβινθος and a kind of λίβανος (Thphr., Dsc.). 3. - ίτης m. ( λίθος) name of a ορ.-like stone (D. S., Redard 59), - ῖτις f. `prepared χρυσόκολλα' (Plin.). 4. - αξ f. = γλυκυσίδη (Ps.-Dsc.), - ακχος σίδης pl. `fruit of the pomegranate' (Nic.), - άκχη βοτάνη τις. οἱ δε τῆς ῥοιᾶς τοὺς καρπούς H. 5. - ηθρον n. plantname = ὑποκισθίς (Ps.-Dsc.; cf. θορύβ-, κόπ-ηθρον a.o. and Chantraine Form. 373 f.). 6. - ινος `of ὄρ.' ( ἄλευρον; Ph., Dsc.). 7. - ιαῖος `of the size of a ὄρ.' (Dsc.). 8. ὠροβισμένοι κεχορτασμένοι ἀπὸ τῶν βοῶν (leg. ὀρόβων?) H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Like ἐρέβινθος, Lat. ervum a. o. old LW [loanword], prob. from the eastern mediterranean area. In ὄροβος: ervum Schulze KZ 48, 236 (Kl. Schr. 81) wants to see an old ablaut as in ὀρός: serum ; ὄροβος in any case not with J. Schmidt KZ 32, 325 from *ἔροβος assimilated. Further s. ἐρέβινθος and in WP. 1, 145, Pok. 335.

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